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At your own gas, electricity and carbon prices, what does a kilogram of turquoise hydrogen cost, and does it still pass the climate gate?

Set the gas price, the electricity price, the carbon price, what the solid carbon sells for and how much methane leaks upstream, and watch the cost of hydrogen and the climate gate move together.

This is the model the report was written against: 123 inputs, 159 equations, every one of them carrying the claim ids behind it. It loads at the report’s own case.

The report’s claim, at these settings
Holds

At these settings the report’s claim stands.

The report’s case

On the report’s own case, the levelised cost of a kilogram of turquoise hydrogen is 2.44 EUR per kg H2, and the report’s claim holds.

What the world returns

Levelised cost of hydrogen at your settings
2.44EUR per kg H2
Room against the tighter comparator
0.370EUR per kg H2
Turquoise on the same basis as the other colours
2.61EUR per kg H2
Climate gate: near-zero and support-lane together
yes
Market gate: can the carbon actually be sold
yes
Gas move that takes the whole cushion
5.63EUR per MWh
Year sector carbon supply hits the cracking point
2035calendar year

Pre-registered configurations

Each of these was written down before the model was run, one of them by the seat whose job was to break the report. Selecting one restores the report’s case and then applies its own settings.

The report’s scenarios (14)

What you can change

Each control opens at the report’s own value. The lighter band on the track is the range of published estimates; outside it the model still computes and everything it touches is marked.

700.0EUR per tonne

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0 to 1,500. The model is defined from 0 to 10,000. Claims C-16, C-10, C-17, C-61, C-62.

1.00fraction of output

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0 to 1.00. The model is defined from 0 to 1.00. Claims C-16, C-22.

31.00EUR per MWh

The report’s value. Published estimates run 20.00 to 71.00. The model is defined from 5.00 to 200.0. Claims C-08, C-70, C-09, C-10.

75.00EUR per MWh

The report’s value. Published estimates run 37.00 to 106.0. The model is defined from 0 to 300.0. Claims C-08, C-65, C-09.

81.00EUR per tonne CO2

The report’s value. Published estimates run 65.00 to 149.0. The model is defined from 0 to 400.0. Claims C-12, C-64.

0.0007fraction of throughput

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0.0006 to 0.016. The model is defined from 0 to 0.050. Claims C-29, C-28, C-31.

0.080fraction per year

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0.060 to 0.140. The model is defined from 0.010 to 0.350. Claims C-08, C-09, C-39.

2.00kg CO2e per kg H2

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0.450 to 8.10. The model is defined from 0 to 26.00. Claims C-87, C-06, C-88.

Every other input this model takes (13)
90.00EUR million

The report’s value. Published estimates run 75.00 to 110.0. The model is defined from 30.00 to 250.0. Claims C-15, C-09, C-38.

0.915fraction of the year

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0.800 to 0.950. The model is defined from 0.300 to 1.00. Claims C-08, C-09, C-61, C-05.

12.00kWh per kg H2

The report’s value. Published estimates run 6.50 to 15.00. The model is defined from 3.00 to 40.00. Claims C-03, C-48, C-66.

52.40kWh per kg H2

The report’s value. Published estimates run 52.40 to 55.00. The model is defined from 40.00 to 80.00. Claims C-03, C-66.

6.00EUR per kg H2

The report’s value. Published estimates run 2.50 to 6.00. The model is defined from 1.00 to 12.00. Claims C-13.

10.00EUR per kg H2

The report’s value. Published estimates run 5.00 to 10.00. The model is defined from 2.00 to 20.00. Claims C-13.

40.00kilotonnes per year

The report’s value. Published estimates run 14.00 to 3,000. The model is defined from 1.00 to 180,000. Claims C-81, C-82, C-49, C-26.

5.00readiness level

The report’s value. Published estimates run 4.00 to 9.00. The model is defined from 1.00 to 9.00. Claims C-05, C-41, C-04.

1.00multiple of design rate

The report’s value. Published estimates run 1.00 to 5.00. The model is defined from 0.500 to 20.00. Claims C-100, C-63.

0.117fraction per year

The report’s value. Published estimates run -0.0031 to 0.165. The model is defined from -0.500 to 1.00. Claims C-12, C-64.

0.300fraction per year

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0.189 to 0.306. The model is defined from 0 to 2.00. Claims C-52, C-57.

0.554fraction per year

The report’s value. Published estimates run 0.494 to 1.08. The model is defined from 0.050 to 3.00. Claims C-81.

2030calendar year

The report’s value. Published estimates run 2024 to 2035. The model is defined from 2016 to 2035. Claims C-64, C-13, C-21, C-97, C-58.

What it projects, and what it will not

The future, as a range.

A projection here starts from an evidenced anchor in a named year, is computed from named drivers rather than by extending a line, and stops at the horizon of the study it came from. Point estimates about the future do not ship.

ProjectsFour series, each with an evidenced anchor and a driver computed from the corpus's own published points: the EU allowance price and, through it, the grey comparator cost; active turquoise patent families; sector solid-carbon supply and the year it reaches the published cracking point; and the year a route of a given technology readiness reaches commercial scale.
Does not projectThe levelised cost of turquoise hydrogen itself as a series. The carbon co-product price. The green hydrogen cost as a computed path. Market adoption or turquoise's share of hydrogen supply. Any specific project's schedule. Anything dated after 2035.
Base year2026, the verified February vintage of the adjudicated financial model
Horizon2035. The corpus's own furthest dated quantitative points all fall in 2035: the allowance level of 150 or more and the grey effective band of 3.50 to 3.80 (C-64), the pyrolysis-carbon capture band of 990 to 3,120 kilotonnes (C-21), the renewable-fuel quota of 60 per cent of industrial hydrogen (C-97), and the expiry of the sector's foundational plasma family (C-58). The corpus also quotes 2050 figures, 660 million tonnes of clean hydrogen demand and a 180 million tonne carbon mismatch, but those are end points of other people's scenarios rather than anything this model computes, so nothing is returned beyond 2035.
How the band is builtEvery projected series is returned as a band, never as a line. The allowance band runs from the compound rate that carries the February 2026 anchor to the bottom of the published 2030 consensus range, 80 a tonne, to the rate that carries it to the top, 149; at 2030 the band ends return exactly those two published figures, and the central path returns the published consensus of 126. The grey comparator band is that allowance band charged against grey's published intensity. The patent band runs between two compound rates computed from an independent published filing series, 18.879 and 30.647 per cent a year, with the central path at the landscape's own stated 30 per cent, which sits just inside the upper end. The supply band runs from the rate between the two low ends of the published supply pair to the rate from the low 2027 figure to the optimistic 2030 one. The readiness date is banded by the published phase durations rather than by a driver. No point estimate about the future is returned without its band, and where a driver leaves its evidence range every dependent output is flagged out of evidence.
BackcastThe corpus holds no price history for turquoise hydrogen, so the levelised cost itself is not backcast and is not projected; the report says as much and so does this model. What can be tested is tested. Of the four rows above, two are genuine out-of-sample checks and both are reported at their true error: the allowance driver reproduces the published 2024 average to within 0.09 per cent, and the patent driver reproduces an independent published filing series five years out to within 2.5 per cent. One row is a genuine test the form fails at minus 9.54 per cent, and it is left in. One row is nought by construction and is labelled as such. Two forward corroborations are also recorded, and neither is fitted: at the horizon the supply projection returns about 1,358 kilotonnes against an independently published 2035 capture band of 990 to 3,120, and the grey band spans 2.79 to 5.19 against an independently published 2035 grey band of 3.50 to 3.80. The central grey path at the horizon, 4.19, sits above that published band by between 0.39 and 0.69, because a constant allowance growth rate carries past the corpus's own 2035 level; the published figure is inside the band but not on the central line, and that is stated rather than corrected. Four points across three series is a thin basis, and the specification says so: it establishes that the drivers are consistent with the record, not that the shape is the only one the record admits.
Dated events on the horizon (19)
  1. 2026-02Verified vintage of the adjudicated financial model: gas 31 per MWh, allowance 81 per tonneC-08, C-12, C-70
  2. 2026-02-19Third European Hydrogen Bank auction closes; its Topic 2, 400 million euro, is explicitly open to low-carbon non-electrolytic hydrogenC-94
  3. 2026-04-23IF25 net-zero technologies call closes, 2.9 billion euro, pyrolysis admitted explicitly, with a 50 per cent avoidance gateC-34
  4. 2026Free allowances begin phasing out at 2.5 percentage points a yearC-64
  5. 2026-09-01Gas trades near 71 per MWh, above the model's entire stress bandC-70
  6. 2027Allowance price reaches about 100 per tonne on the published pathC-64
  7. 2027-02EU battery passport in force, rewarding a low-carbon footprint in the graphite laneC-84
  8. 2027Sector solid-carbon supply projected at 30 to 50 kilotonnes a yearC-81
  9. 2027Pulsed-combustion route plans a one-tonne-a-day field demonstrationC-47
  10. 2028First 20-tonne-a-day commercial unit planned on the same routeC-47
  11. 2030Allowance consensus 126 per tonne, published range 80 to 149; grey effective about 3.26C-64, C-12
  12. 2030Projected green hydrogen band 2.50 to 5.00 a kilogramC-13
  13. 2030EU battery-graphite demand 480 kilotonnes with the raw-materials benchmarks falling due; projected European flake output 61 per cent below even the mining targetC-19, C-83
  14. 2030Renewable-fuel quota reaches 42 per cent of industrial hydrogen, a lane this route cannot serveC-97, C-67
  15. 2034Free allowances reach zeroC-64
  16. 2035Allowance price 150 or more; grey effective 3.50 to 3.80C-64
  17. 2035Pyrolysis-carbon capture band 990 to 3,120 kilotonnes a year, straddling the volume at which the commodity segment's published cracking point is reachedC-21, C-80
  18. 2035Renewable-fuel quota reaches 60 per cent of industrial hydrogenC-97
  19. 2035The sector's foundational plasma patent family expiresC-58
Under the hood

Everything this model is made of.

What this model cannot tell you

  • It computes a levelised cost, not a profit and loss. The corpus's operating profit, payback and return figures are carried as published context and are not recomputed here, because the model has no hydrogen sale price in it.
  • Each price lever moves the cost along a straight line whose slope is the published single-lever sensitivity. The published scenarios move several levers at once, and the engine does not reproduce them: it reads the published optimistic corner 0.19 a kilogram cheaper and the published stress corner 0.88 dearer. The sign changes between corners, so no single correction fixes it and none is applied. The joint-move index tells the reader when they have left the one-lever-at-a-time regime the slopes were measured in, and the published band, not the engine, supplies the comparison band.
  • The base case is a first-of-a-kind plant discounted at a rate near what a fifth plant would earn and run at an availability a mature plant would achieve. The corpus says both, the model lets the reader move both, and it does not correct either by default because the report's case is the report's case.
  • The energy figures for the five reactor families are recorded by the corpus as energy input without splitting electricity from heat, so the model does not use them for its electricity parameter and does not compare them with the electricity-only figures. For the same reason it draws no link between a route's readiness and that route's energy or emissions, even though the two clearly move together in reality.
  • The electricity the plant draws moves what a kilogram costs, through the product the corpus prints in money rather than through a rebuilt electricity bill. The corpus publishes this plant's cost as a base case plus single-lever deltas, not as a line-by-line stack that could be re-added from first principles, so the intensity term is written as the difference between what the plant pays for its electricity at the reader's intensity and what it pays at the report's stated one. Two things follow and both are printed rather than hidden. The corpus implies three different intensities for the same plant, 12 stated, 12.5 from the sensitivity as this model ranges it and 13.07 from the operating table, a spread of 8.9 per cent; and the sensitivity route needs a price range the corpus does not print, unlike its gas line, so the model uses it as a comparison and not as the calibration. The difference between the two bases is under two cents a kilogram anywhere inside the evidence range and is shown at every setting.
  • The electrolyser's electricity consumption is a comparator input and does not reach this plant's cost, because it is not this plant's electricity. It moves the saving fraction, the total-energy inversion and the volatility comparison, which are the report's own energy argument, and nothing else. It does not move the green comparator price either: the corpus prices green hydrogen as a traded index today and a projected band for 2030, not as an electrolyser cost stack, so building one in order to connect the two would be our composition rather than the corpus's.
  • The two settings that decide the climate rail load at the report's own route rather than at the average for the class: a best-documented pipeline supply chain rather than the global average leak rate, and an electrified catalytic plant on renewable power rather than the literature mean for methane pyrolysis of any kind. Both are the report's own case and both are named. At the corpus's central figure for either one, the cost is unchanged and the verdict is no longer holds.
  • The bottom of the sector carbon volume range is a floor on a different basis from the rest of it. Fourteen thousand tonnes a year is the observed output of the only plant at commercial scale, and the corpus publishes no measured total for the sector as it stands today; its earliest published sector figure is the 2027 projection of 30 to 50 thousand tonnes that supplies the default. Read the bottom of that range as a present-day floor, not as a published estimate of what the sector supplies.
  • The report dropped a steam-reforming total-energy comparison because its source mixed bases inside itself. This model does the same: it compares total energy against electrolysis only, and never against steam reforming.
  • The carbon-market rail models a price ceiling from one published product-mix curve of three points and a volume gate from one published segment cracking point applied to one published tier share. Three points do not distinguish that curve's shape from several others that would fit as well, and the tier share is held constant as volume grows even though the corpus itself shows the mix shifting toward commodity grades at scale. The model therefore understates how fast the achievable price falls at large volume, and it says so rather than adding an unsourced correction.
  • The qualification clocks are not in the cost at all. The corpus records 12 to 24 months for a tyre grade and 18 to 24 for a battery grade, and the adjudicated model books the carbon revenue from day one. That gap is real, it is the report's own counterweight, and this model does not close it: it lets the reader set a lower share of carbon sold, which is a blunt instrument for a timing problem. The evidence on that clock, 12 to 24 months for a tyre grade and 18 to 24 for a battery grade, is carried on the scenario and the hypothesis that test what happens when the powder does not sell, and not on the share parameter itself, because it supports none of that parameter's three numbers.
  • The carbon-removal credit lane is not modelled. The corpus prices durable removals and states the eligibility threshold but publishes no per-kilogram credit figure for this route, and records that a tonne can be sold as material or as removal but never both. A credit revenue line would be our composition rather than the corpus's.
  • Leakage is applied to the delivered gas at a flat rate. Real supply chains leak at different rates in different segments, and the corpus's own thresholds are not quite consistent with one another; the model reports that inconsistency instead of choosing between them.
  • The two near-zero thresholds and the two support-lane gates are written on different scopes. The near-zero thresholds are on the supply chain, the Innovation Fund gate is written on process emissions against a separate benchmark, and the model tests the fund gate on the same lifecycle basis as the others. That is a simplification and the reader should treat the fund gate as indicative.
  • The permitting and funding material of the report is not in the model. Timelines, grant stacks and state-aid ceilings are dated facts and published rules rather than quantities this world computes, and forcing them into it would produce a schedule the corpus does not support.
  • The readiness clock cannot tell readiness level 4 from level 5, because the corpus's scale-up path starts at pilot and publishes no duration for the step before it.
  • Everything priced here is a February 2026 vintage. Fifty-seven of the report's hundred claims carry stale-risk flags, and the sharpest is the gas price itself: the corpus records a live print of about 71 a MWh on 1 September 2026, more than double the modelled basis and above the model's entire stress band. The model can be run at that price and the answer changes; nothing in the package hides it.
  • There is no price history in the corpus for turquoise hydrogen, so the cost model is not backtested and not projected. What is backcast is the allowance path, the patent filing rate and the supply path, on four published points across three series. That is a thin basis and it establishes only that the drivers are consistent with the record, not that their shape is the only one the record admits.
  • What the model cannot tell you: whether a specific gas contract's leakage is actually documented; whether a specific carbon buyer will qualify the powder; what a catalyst lasts at industrial scale; what a grid connection will cost; or what availability the plant will really achieve while it is learning to run. The corpus names those last four as the unknowns only a built plant resolves, and prices only the first of them.
Every equation, in the order they are evaluated (159)
OutputExpressionUnitClaims
methane_kwh_per_kg_h2gas_cost_base_eur_kg / gas_price_base_eur_mwh * 1000kWh per kg H2C-11, C-08, C-01
total_energy_pyrolysis_kwh_per_kgelec_kwh_per_kg + methane_kwh_per_kg_h2kWh per kg H2C-03, C-11
electricity_saving_fraction1 - elec_kwh_per_kg / electrolysis_elec_kwh_per_kgfractionC-03, C-66
total_energy_ratio_vs_electrolysistotal_energy_pyrolysis_kwh_per_kg / electrolysis_elec_kwh_per_kgratioC-03, C-11
energy_inversion_holdsclamp((total_energy_pyrolysis_kwh_per_kg - electrolysis_elec_kwh_per_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)one or noughtC-03, C-11
implied_elec_kwh_from_opexelec_cost_base_eur_kg / elec_price_base_eur_mwh * 1000kWh per kg H2C-11
implied_elec_kwh_from_slopeelec_swing_eur_kg / (elec_swing_high_eur_mwh - elec_swing_low_eur_mwh) * 1000kWh per kg H2C-10
elec_kwh_reconciliation_gapimplied_elec_kwh_from_opex / elec_kwh_per_kg - 1fractionC-11, C-03
implied_gas_kwh_from_slopegas_swing_eur_kg / (gas_swing_high_eur_mwh - gas_swing_low_eur_mwh) * 1000kWh per kg H2C-10
gas_kwh_reconciliation_gapimplied_gas_kwh_from_slope / methane_kwh_per_kg_h2 - 1fractionC-10, C-11
pyrolysis_elec_cost_eur_kgelec_kwh_per_kg * elec_price_eur_mwh / 1000EUR per kg H2C-66
electrolysis_elec_cost_eur_kgelectrolysis_elec_kwh_per_kg * elec_price_eur_mwh / 1000EUR per kg H2C-66
elec_cost_advantage_eur_kgelectrolysis_elec_cost_eur_kg - pyrolysis_elec_cost_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-66
pyrolysis_elec_volatility_eur_kgelec_kwh_per_kg * electrolysis_swing_eur_mwh / 1000EUR per kg H2C-66
electrolysis_elec_volatility_eur_kgelectrolysis_elec_kwh_per_kg * electrolysis_swing_eur_mwh / 1000EUR per kg H2C-66
volatility_insulation_ratioelectrolysis_elec_volatility_eur_kg / pyrolysis_elec_volatility_eur_kgratioC-66
gas_slope_eur_kg_per_mwhgas_swing_eur_kg / (gas_swing_high_eur_mwh - gas_swing_low_eur_mwh)EUR per kg H2 per EUR per MWhC-10
elec_slope_eur_kg_per_mwhelec_swing_eur_kg / (elec_swing_high_eur_mwh - elec_swing_low_eur_mwh)EUR per kg H2 per EUR per MWhC-10
capex_slope_eur_kg_per_mcapex_swing_eur_kg / (capex_swing_high_eur_m - capex_swing_low_eur_m)EUR per kg H2 per EUR millionC-10, C-15
wacc_slope_eur_kg_per_unitwacc_swing_eur_kg / (wacc_swing_high - wacc_swing_low)EUR per kg H2 per unitC-10, C-09
cf_slope_eur_kg_per_unitcf_swing_eur_kg / (cf_swing_high - cf_swing_low)EUR per kg H2 per unitC-10, C-09
catalyst_adder_eur_kgcatalyst_cost_base_eur_kg * (catalyst_replacement_multiple - 1)EUR per kg H2C-63, C-100
elec_intensity_cost_delta_eur_kg(elec_kwh_per_kg - elec_kwh_base_kwh_per_kg) * elec_price_eur_mwh / 1000EUR per kg H2C-66, C-03
elec_intensity_cost_at_sensitivity_eur_kgelec_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * elec_price_eur_mwh * (elec_kwh_per_kg / elec_kwh_base_kwh_per_kg - 1)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-03
elec_intensity_calibration_gap_eur_kgelec_intensity_cost_at_sensitivity_eur_kg - elec_intensity_cost_delta_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-10, C-03, C-66, C-11
lcoh_no_carbon_eur_kglcoh_base_no_carbon_eur_kg + gas_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (gas_price_eur_mwh - gas_price_base_eur_mwh) + elec_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (elec_price_eur_mwh - elec_price_base_eur_mwh) + capex_slope_eur_kg_per_m * (capex_eur_m - capex_base_eur_m) + wacc_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (wacc - wacc_base) - cf_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (capacity_factor - cf_base) + elec_intensity_cost_delta_eur_kg + catalyst_adder_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-08, C-10, C-09, C-63, C-66, C-03
mix_exponent_1log(mix_price_1_usd_t / mix_price_2_usd_t) / log(mix_point_2_kt / mix_point_1_kt)exponentC-82
mix_exponent_2log(mix_price_2_usd_t / mix_price_3_usd_t) / log(mix_point_3_kt / mix_point_2_kt)exponentC-82
carbon_ceiling_usd_tmix_price_1_usd_t * exp(0 - mix_exponent_1 * log(clamp(sector_carbon_volume_kt, mix_point_1_kt, mix_point_2_kt) / mix_point_1_kt) - mix_exponent_2 * log(max(sector_carbon_volume_kt, mix_point_2_kt) / mix_point_2_kt))USD per tonneC-82, C-86
carbon_ceiling_eur_tcarbon_ceiling_usd_t / usd_per_eurEUR per tonneC-82, C-18
carbon_price_feasible_eur_tmin(carbon_price_eur_t, carbon_ceiling_eur_t)EUR per tonneC-82, C-16
carbon_price_above_ceilingclamp((carbon_price_eur_t - carbon_ceiling_eur_t) * 1000000, 0, 1)one or noughtC-82, C-26, C-86
credit_slope_1credit_at_1_eur_kg / credit_point_1_eur_tEUR per kg H2 per EUR per tonneC-61
credit_slope_2(credit_at_2_eur_kg - credit_at_1_eur_kg) / (credit_point_2_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t)EUR per kg H2 per EUR per tonneC-61, C-08
credit_slope_3(credit_at_3_eur_kg - credit_at_2_eur_kg) / (credit_point_3_eur_t - credit_point_2_eur_t)EUR per kg H2 per EUR per tonneC-61, C-17
carbon_credit_eur_kgcredit_slope_1 * clamp(carbon_price_feasible_eur_t, 0, credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_2 * clamp(carbon_price_feasible_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t, 0, credit_point_2_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_3 * max(carbon_price_feasible_eur_t - credit_point_2_eur_t, 0)EUR per kg H2C-61, C-08, C-16, C-17
carbon_credit_unconstrained_eur_kgcredit_slope_1 * clamp(carbon_price_eur_t, 0, credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_2 * clamp(carbon_price_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t, 0, credit_point_2_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_3 * max(carbon_price_eur_t - credit_point_2_eur_t, 0)EUR per kg H2C-61, C-08, C-17
disposal_drag_eur_kgcarbon_yield_t_per_kg_h2 * disposal_cost_eur_tEUR per kg H2C-16, C-22
lcoh_eur_kglcoh_no_carbon_eur_kg - carbon_sold_share * carbon_credit_eur_kg + (1 - carbon_sold_share) * disposal_drag_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-08, C-16, C-22
lcoh_unconstrained_eur_kglcoh_no_carbon_eur_kg - carbon_sold_share * carbon_credit_unconstrained_eur_kg + (1 - carbon_sold_share) * disposal_drag_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-08, C-16
market_constraint_cost_eur_kglcoh_eur_kg - lcoh_unconstrained_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-82, C-16
lcoh_band_low_eur_kglcoh_optimistic_no_carbon_eur_kg - carbon_sold_share * carbon_credit_eur_kg + (1 - carbon_sold_share) * disposal_drag_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-61, C-09
lcoh_band_high_eur_kglcoh_stress_no_carbon_eur_kg - carbon_sold_share * carbon_credit_eur_kg + (1 - carbon_sold_share) * disposal_drag_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-61, C-09
lcoh_within_published_bandclamp((lcoh_eur_kg - lcoh_band_low_eur_kg) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1) * clamp((lcoh_band_high_eur_kg - lcoh_eur_kg) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-09, C-61
opex_implied_eur_kglcoh_base_no_carbon_eur_kg - capex_annualised_base_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-08, C-15
opex_reconciliation_residual_eur_kgopex_total_base_eur_kg - opex_implied_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-63, C-11, C-15
credit_plain_stoichiometric_eur_kgcarbon_yield_t_per_kg_h2 * carbon_price_feasible_eur_tEUR per kg H2C-16
credit_reconciliation_residual_eur_kgcarbon_credit_eur_kg - credit_plain_stoichiometric_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-16, C-08
plant_carbon_nameplate_t_yrhydrogen_output_t_per_day * 365 * carbon_yield_t_per_kg_h2 * 1000tonnes per yearC-16, C-08
plant_carbon_output_t_yrplant_carbon_nameplate_t_yr * capacity_factortonnes per yearC-16, C-01, C-08
plant_hydrogen_output_t_yrhydrogen_output_t_per_day * 365 * capacity_factortonnes per yearC-08
plant_carbon_revenue_eur_m_yrplant_carbon_output_t_yr * carbon_price_feasible_eur_t / 1000000EUR million per yearC-62, C-16
plant_carbon_revenue_nameplate_eur_m_yrplant_carbon_nameplate_t_yr * carbon_price_feasible_eur_t / 1000000EUR million per yearC-62, C-16
credit_as_booked_eur_kgplant_carbon_revenue_eur_m_yr * 1000000 / (plant_hydrogen_output_t_yr * 1000)EUR per kg H2C-16, C-62
credit_as_published_booked_eur_kgplant_carbon_revenue_nameplate_eur_m_yr * 1000000 / (plant_hydrogen_output_t_yr * 1000)EUR per kg H2C-16, C-62
booked_credit_reconciliation_gapcredit_as_booked_eur_kg / credit_booked_published_eur_kg - 1fractionC-16, C-62
published_basis_credit_gapcredit_as_published_booked_eur_kg / credit_booked_published_eur_kg - 1fractionC-16, C-62
carbon_yield_implied_by_published_creditcredit_booked_published_eur_kg / credit_point_2_eur_ttonnes C per kg H2C-16, C-62, C-61
methane_mass_per_kg_h2carbon_yield_t_per_kg_h2 * 1000 * 16 / 12kg CH4 per kg H2C-01, C-16
leak_burden_fraction_gwp100leak_rate * gwp100_methanefraction of feedstock in CO2-equivalentC-28
leak_burden_fraction_gwp20leak_rate * gwp20_methanefraction of feedstock in CO2-equivalentC-28
leak_co2e_gwp100_kgmethane_mass_per_kg_h2 * leak_rate * gwp100_methanekg CO2e per kg H2C-28, C-31, C-01
leak_co2e_gwp20_kgmethane_mass_per_kg_h2 * leak_rate * gwp20_methanekg CO2e per kg H2C-28
turquoise_lifecycle_kgco2eturquoise_lifecycle_base_kgco2e + leak_co2e_gwp100_kgkg CO2e per kg H2C-87, C-06, C-28
near_zero_pass_gwp100clamp((leak_threshold_gwp100 - leak_rate) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-29
near_zero_pass_gwp20clamp((leak_threshold_gwp20 - leak_rate) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-29
credit_eligibleclamp((leak_threshold_gwp100 - leak_rate) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-30
ghg_reduction_vs_grey1 - turquoise_lifecycle_kgco2e / grey_lifecycle_base_kgco2efraction below greyC-87, C-06
low_carbon_da_passclamp((ghg_reduction_vs_grey - low_carbon_da_reduction_threshold) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-67
if25_avoidance_passclamp((ghg_reduction_vs_grey - if25_avoidance_threshold) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-34
leak_ceiling_for_da((1 - low_carbon_da_reduction_threshold) * grey_lifecycle_base_kgco2e - turquoise_lifecycle_base_kgco2e) / (methane_mass_per_kg_h2 * gwp100_methane)fraction of throughputC-67, C-87, C-28
binding_leak_ceilingmin(leak_threshold_gwp100, leak_ceiling_for_da)fraction of throughputC-29, C-67
credit_at_carbon_swing_highcredit_slope_1 * clamp(carbon_swing_high_eur_t, 0, credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_2 * clamp(carbon_swing_high_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t, 0, credit_point_2_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_3 * max(carbon_swing_high_eur_t - credit_point_2_eur_t, 0)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-17
credit_at_carbon_swing_lowcredit_slope_1 * clamp(carbon_swing_low_eur_t, 0, credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_2 * clamp(carbon_swing_low_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t, 0, credit_point_2_eur_t - credit_point_1_eur_t) + credit_slope_3 * max(carbon_swing_low_eur_t - credit_point_2_eur_t, 0)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-08
swing_carbon_eur_kgcarbon_sold_share * (credit_at_carbon_swing_high - credit_at_carbon_swing_low)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-16
swing_gas_eur_kggas_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (gas_swing_high_eur_mwh - gas_swing_low_eur_mwh)EUR per kg H2C-10
swing_elec_eur_kgelec_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (elec_swing_high_eur_mwh - elec_swing_low_eur_mwh)EUR per kg H2C-10
swing_cf_eur_kgcf_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (cf_swing_high - cf_swing_low)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-09
swing_wacc_eur_kgwacc_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (wacc_swing_high - wacc_swing_low)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-09
swing_capex_eur_kgcapex_slope_eur_kg_per_m * (capex_swing_high_eur_m - capex_swing_low_eur_m)EUR per kg H2C-10, C-15
swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg(elec_kwh_swing_high_kwh_per_kg - elec_kwh_swing_low_kwh_per_kg) * elec_price_base_eur_mwh / 1000EUR per kg H2C-48, C-66
rank_carbon1 + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_carbon_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_carbon_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_carbon_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_carbon_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_carbon_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10
rank_gas1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_gas_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_gas_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_gas_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_gas_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_gas_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10
rank_elec1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_elec_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_elec_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_elec_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_elec_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_elec_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10
rank_cf1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_cf_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_cf_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_cf_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_cf_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_cf_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10
rank_wacc1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_wacc_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_wacc_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_wacc_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_wacc_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_wacc_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10
rank_capex1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_capex_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_capex_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_capex_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_capex_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_capex_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10
sensitivity_rank_deviationabs(rank_carbon - 1) + abs(rank_gas - 2) + abs(rank_elec - 3) + abs(rank_cf - 4) + abs(rank_wacc - 5) + abs(rank_capex - 6)rank placesC-10
swing_catalyst_eur_kgcatalyst_cost_base_eur_kg * 4EUR per kg H2C-63, C-100
catalyst_would_rank1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_catalyst_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_catalyst_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_catalyst_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_catalyst_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_catalyst_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_catalyst_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-100, C-10
elec_intensity_would_rank1 + clamp((swing_carbon_eur_kg - swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_gas_eur_kg - swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_elec_eur_kg - swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_cf_eur_kg - swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_wacc_eur_kg - swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1) + clamp((swing_capex_eur_kg - swing_elec_intensity_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)rankC-10, C-66, C-48
commodity_volume_ktsector_carbon_volume_kt * commodity_share_of_outputkilotonnes per yearC-62, C-81
commodity_crack_ratiocommodity_volume_kt / tyre_crack_threshold_ktratioC-80, C-62
crack_volume_threshold_kttyre_crack_threshold_kt / commodity_share_of_outputkilotonnes per yearC-80, C-62
addressable_utilisationsector_carbon_volume_kt / addressable_carbon_ktfractionC-21
market_volume_passclamp((1 - commodity_crack_ratio) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1) * clamp((1 - addressable_utilisation) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-80, C-21
market_price_pass1 - carbon_price_above_ceilingone or noughtC-82
market_gate_passmarket_volume_pass * market_price_passone or noughtC-80, C-21, C-82
grey_effective_point_eur_kggrey_production_low_eur_kg + grey_co2_point_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-12
grey_effective_low_eur_kggrey_production_low_eur_kg + grey_co2_low_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-12, C-06, C-64
grey_effective_high_eur_kggrey_production_high_eur_kg + grey_co2_high_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-12, C-06, C-64
blue_effective_low_eur_kgblue_production_low_eur_kg + blue_co2_low_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-13, C-87, C-64
blue_effective_high_eur_kgblue_production_high_eur_kg + blue_co2_high_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-13, C-87, C-64
green_effective_low_eur_kggreen_production_low_eur_kg + green_co2_low_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-13, C-87, C-64
green_effective_high_eur_kggreen_production_high_eur_kg + green_co2_high_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-13, C-87, C-64
turquoise_effective_low_eur_kglcoh_band_low_eur_kg + turquoise_co2_low_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-61, C-06, C-64
turquoise_effective_high_eur_kglcoh_band_high_eur_kg + turquoise_co2_high_kg * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-61, C-06, C-64
turquoise_effective_point_eur_kglcoh_eur_kg + turquoise_lifecycle_kgco2e * ets_price_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-08, C-87, C-28
green_2030_effective_low_eur_kggreen_2030_production_low_eur_kg + green_co2_low_kg * ets_2030_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-13, C-64, C-87
green_2030_effective_high_eur_kggreen_2030_production_high_eur_kg + green_co2_high_kg * ets_2030_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-13, C-64, C-87
undercuts_greyclamp((grey_effective_point_eur_kg - lcoh_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)one or noughtC-08, C-12
undercuts_greenclamp((green_effective_low_eur_kg - lcoh_eur_kg) * 1000000, 0, 1)one or noughtC-08, C-13
cost_scoreundercuts_grey + undercuts_greencomparators undercutC-08, C-12, C-13
climate_rail_passnear_zero_pass_gwp100 * low_carbon_da_passone or noughtC-29, C-67, C-87
gate_scoreclimate_rail_pass + market_gate_passgates passedC-29, C-67, C-80, C-82
holds_indicatorclamp(cost_score - 1, 0, 1) * clamp(gate_score - 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-08, C-12, C-13, C-29
flips_indicatormax(clamp(1 - cost_score, 0, 1), clamp(1 - gate_score, 0, 1))one or noughtC-08, C-12, C-13, C-29, C-80
flip_state_numeric2 * flips_indicator + (1 - flips_indicator) * (1 - holds_indicator)nought holdsC-08, C-12, C-13, C-29, C-30, C-80
margin_vs_grey_eur_kggrey_effective_point_eur_kg - lcoh_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-08, C-12
margin_vs_green_eur_kggreen_effective_low_eur_kg - lcoh_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-08, C-13
binding_margin_eur_kgmin(margin_vs_grey_eur_kg, margin_vs_green_eur_kg)EUR per kg H2C-08, C-12, C-13
gas_move_to_erase_margin_eur_mwhbinding_margin_eur_kg / gas_slope_eur_kg_per_mwhEUR per MWhC-10, C-12, C-13
elec_kwh_to_erase_margin_kwh_per_kgelec_kwh_base_kwh_per_kg + binding_margin_eur_kg * 1000 / elec_price_eur_mwhkWh per kg H2C-66, C-03, C-12
fid_gate_carbon_passclamp((carbon_price_feasible_eur_t - fid_offtake_threshold_eur_t) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-69
fid_gate_ets_passclamp((ets_price_eur_t - fid_ets_threshold_eur_t) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-69
fid_gate_passfid_gate_carbon_pass * fid_gate_ets_passone or noughtC-69
joint_move_indexabs(gas_price_eur_mwh - gas_price_base_eur_mwh) / (gas_swing_high_eur_mwh - gas_swing_low_eur_mwh) + abs(elec_price_eur_mwh - elec_price_base_eur_mwh) / (elec_swing_high_eur_mwh - elec_swing_low_eur_mwh) + abs(capex_eur_m - capex_base_eur_m) / (capex_swing_high_eur_m - capex_swing_low_eur_m) + abs(wacc - wacc_base) / (wacc_swing_high - wacc_swing_low) + abs(capacity_factor - cf_base) / (cf_swing_high - cf_swing_low)sensitivity spansC-10, C-09
joint_move_flagclamp((joint_move_index - 1) * 1000000, 0, 1)one or noughtC-10, C-09
engine_lcoh_no_carbon_at_optimisticlcoh_base_no_carbon_eur_kg + gas_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (scenario_optimistic_gas_eur_mwh - gas_price_base_eur_mwh) + elec_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (scenario_optimistic_elec_eur_mwh - elec_price_base_eur_mwh) + capex_slope_eur_kg_per_m * (capex_swing_low_eur_m - capex_base_eur_m) + wacc_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (wacc_swing_low - wacc_base) - cf_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (cf_swing_high - cf_base)EUR per kg H2C-09, C-61, C-10
engine_lcoh_no_carbon_at_stresslcoh_base_no_carbon_eur_kg + gas_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (gas_swing_high_eur_mwh - gas_price_base_eur_mwh) + elec_slope_eur_kg_per_mwh * (elec_swing_high_eur_mwh - elec_price_base_eur_mwh) + capex_slope_eur_kg_per_m * (capex_swing_high_eur_m - capex_base_eur_m) + wacc_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (wacc_swing_high - wacc_base) - cf_slope_eur_kg_per_unit * (cf_swing_low - cf_base)EUR per kg H2C-09, C-61, C-10
optimistic_reconstruction_gap_eur_kgengine_lcoh_no_carbon_at_optimistic - lcoh_optimistic_no_carbon_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-09, C-61
stress_reconstruction_gap_eur_kgengine_lcoh_no_carbon_at_stress - lcoh_stress_no_carbon_eur_kgEUR per kg H2C-09, C-61
years_from_baseprojection_year - base_yearyearsC-08, C-64
ets_projected_eur_tets_anchor_eur_t * (1 + ets_growth_rate) ** years_from_baseEUR per tonneC-12, C-64
ets_projected_low_eur_tets_anchor_eur_t * (1 + ets_growth_rate_low) ** years_from_baseEUR per tonneC-12, C-64
ets_projected_high_eur_tets_anchor_eur_t * (1 + ets_growth_rate_high) ** years_from_baseEUR per tonneC-12, C-64
grey_effective_projected_eur_kggrey_production_low_eur_kg + grey_co2_point_kg * ets_projected_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-12, C-64
grey_effective_projected_low_eur_kggrey_production_low_eur_kg + grey_co2_point_kg * ets_projected_low_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-12, C-64
grey_effective_projected_high_eur_kggrey_production_low_eur_kg + grey_co2_point_kg * ets_projected_high_eur_t / 1000EUR per kg H2C-12, C-64
ets_backcast_2024_eur_tets_anchor_eur_t / (1 + ets_growth_rate) ** 2EUR per tonneC-64
ets_backcast_error_2024ets_backcast_2024_eur_t / ets_2024_eur_t - 1fractionC-64
ets_backcast_2027_eur_tets_anchor_eur_t * (1 + ets_growth_rate) ** 1EUR per tonneC-64
ets_backcast_error_2027ets_backcast_2027_eur_t / ets_2027_eur_t - 1fractionC-64
patent_families_projectedpatent_families_anchor * (1 + patent_growth_rate) ** (projection_year - patent_anchor_year)patent familiesC-52
patent_families_projected_lowpatent_families_anchor * (1 + patent_growth_rate_low) ** (projection_year - patent_anchor_year)patent familiesC-52, C-57
patent_families_projected_highpatent_families_anchor * (1 + patent_growth_rate_high) ** (projection_year - patent_anchor_year)patent familiesC-52, C-57
patent_backcast_2021filings_2016 * (1 + patent_growth_rate) ** 5filingsC-57
patent_backcast_error_2021patent_backcast_2021 / filings_2021 - 1fractionC-57, C-52
patent_horizon_vs_observation_ratioyears_from_base / patent_observation_yearsratioC-52, C-57
carbon_supply_projected_ktcarbon_supply_2030_kt * (1 + carbon_supply_growth_rate) ** (projection_year - 2030)kilotonnes per yearC-81
carbon_supply_projected_low_ktcarbon_supply_2030_kt * (1 + carbon_supply_growth_rate_low) ** (projection_year - 2030)kilotonnes per yearC-81
carbon_supply_projected_high_ktcarbon_supply_2030_kt * (1 + carbon_supply_growth_rate_high) ** (projection_year - 2030)kilotonnes per yearC-81
carbon_supply_backcast_2027_ktcarbon_supply_2030_kt / (1 + carbon_supply_growth_rate) ** 3kilotonnes per yearC-81
carbon_supply_backcast_error_2027carbon_supply_backcast_2027_kt / carbon_supply_2027_kt - 1fractionC-81
crack_year2030 + log(crack_volume_threshold_kt / carbon_supply_2030_kt) / log(1 + carbon_supply_growth_rate)calendar yearC-81, C-80, C-62, C-21
years_to_commercial_scalepilot_to_demo_years * clamp(7 - route_trl, 0, 2) / 2 + demo_to_commercial_years * clamp(8 - route_trl, 0, 1) + commercial_to_scale_years * clamp(9 - route_trl, 0, 1)yearsC-99, C-05, C-41
commercial_scale_yearbase_year + years_to_commercial_scalecalendar yearC-99, C-08
scale_inside_horizonclamp((horizon_year - commercial_scale_year) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-99, C-64
projection_within_horizonclamp((horizon_year - projection_year) * 1000000 + 1, 0, 1)one or noughtC-64, C-21
Every input, its evidence and its source (123)
InputReport’s valuePublished rangeYours to setClaims
delivered natural gas price on the Dutch TTF benchmark
gas_price_eur_mwh
31.00EUR per MWh20.00 to 71.00yesC-08, C-70, C-09, C-10
delivered electricity price at the plant gate
elec_price_eur_mwh
75.00EUR per MWh37.00 to 106.0yesC-08, C-65, C-09
EU emissions allowance price applied to every route's own carbon intensity
ets_price_eur_t
81.00EUR per tonne CO265.00 to 149.0yesC-12, C-64
installed build cost of the first-of-a-kind modular plant
capex_eur_m
90.00EUR million75.00 to 110.0yesC-15, C-09, C-38
weighted average cost of capital applied to the build
wacc
0.080fraction per year0.060 to 0.140yesC-08, C-09, C-39
share of the year the plant runs at rate
capacity_factor
0.915fraction of the year0.800 to 0.950yesC-08, C-09, C-61, C-05
blended realised selling price of the solid carbon
carbon_price_eur_t
700.0EUR per tonne0 to 1,500yesC-16, C-10, C-17, C-61, C-62
share of the solid carbon that finds a buyer
carbon_sold_share
1.00fraction of output0 to 1.00yesC-16, C-22
upstream methane leakage across the gas supply chain
leak_rate
0.0007fraction of throughput0.0006 to 0.016yesC-29, C-28, C-31
electricity drawn per kilogram of hydrogen
elec_kwh_per_kg
12.00kWh per kg H26.50 to 15.00yesC-03, C-48, C-66
electricity drawn per kilogram of hydrogen by the mainstream electrolyser routes
electrolysis_elec_kwh_per_kg
52.40kWh per kg H252.40 to 55.00yesC-03, C-66
low end of the green hydrogen production-cost band before any allowance charge
green_production_low_eur_kg
6.00EUR per kg H22.50 to 6.00yesC-13
high end of the green hydrogen production-cost band before any allowance charge
green_production_high_eur_kg
10.00EUR per kg H25.00 to 10.00yesC-13
solid carbon put into the European market by the whole pyrolysis sector
sector_carbon_volume_kt
40.00kilotonnes per year14.00 to 3,000yesC-81, C-82, C-49, C-26
technology readiness level of the reactor route being financed
route_trl
5.00readiness level4.00 to 9.00yesC-05, C-41, C-04
cradle-to-gate emissions of the plant itself, before any upstream leak
turquoise_lifecycle_base_kgco2e
2.00kg CO2e per kg H20.450 to 8.10yesC-87, C-06, C-88
catalyst replacement rate as a multiple of the design assumption
catalyst_replacement_multiple
1.00multiple of design rate1.00 to 5.00yesC-100, C-63
annual growth of the allowance price along the projection
ets_growth_rate
0.117fraction per year-0.0031 to 0.165yesC-12, C-64
annual growth of active turquoise patent families
patent_growth_rate
0.300fraction per year0.189 to 0.306yesC-52, C-57
annual growth of sector solid-carbon supply along the projection
carbon_supply_growth_rate
0.554fraction per year0.494 to 1.08yesC-81
year at which the projection is evaluated
projection_year
2030calendar year2024 to 2035yesC-64, C-13, C-21, C-97, C-58
levelised cost of hydrogen at the base case with no carbon revenue
lcoh_base_no_carbon_eur_kg
5.24EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08
levelised cost at the optimistic scenario with no carbon revenue
lcoh_optimistic_no_carbon_eur_kg
4.27EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-61, C-09
levelised cost at the stress scenario with no carbon revenue
lcoh_stress_no_carbon_eur_kg
6.87EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-61, C-09
published single-lever swing in cost across the gas sensitivity range
gas_swing_eur_kg
1.97EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
low end of the published gas sensitivity range
gas_swing_low_eur_mwh
20.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
high end of the published gas sensitivity range
gas_swing_high_eur_mwh
50.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10, C-09
published single-lever swing in cost across the electricity sensitivity range
elec_swing_eur_kg
0.750EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
low end of the published electricity sensitivity range
elec_swing_low_eur_mwh
40.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
high end of the published electricity sensitivity range
elec_swing_high_eur_mwh
100.0EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10, C-09
published single-lever swing in cost across the build-cost sensitivity range
capex_swing_eur_kg
0.400EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
low end of the published build-cost sensitivity range
capex_swing_low_eur_m
75.00EUR millionone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10, C-15, C-09
high end of the published build-cost sensitivity range
capex_swing_high_eur_m
110.0EUR millionone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10, C-15, C-09
published single-lever swing in cost across the cost-of-capital range
wacc_swing_eur_kg
0.500EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
low end of the cost-of-capital range the published swing is measured across
wacc_swing_low
0.060fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-09, C-39
high end of the cost-of-capital range the published swing is measured across
wacc_swing_high
0.120fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-09
published single-lever swing in cost across the availability range
cf_swing_eur_kg
0.510EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10
low end of the availability range the published swing is measured across
cf_swing_low
0.800fraction of the yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-09, C-61
high end of the availability range the published swing is measured across
cf_swing_high
0.950fraction of the yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-09, C-61
gas price the base case is priced at
gas_price_base_eur_mwh
31.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08, C-11
electricity price the base case is priced at
elec_price_base_eur_mwh
75.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08, C-11
electricity intensity the base case is priced at
elec_kwh_base_kwh_per_kg
12.00kWh per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-03, C-66
bottom of the published intensity range the intensity swing is measured across
elec_kwh_swing_low_kwh_per_kg
6.50kWh per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-48
top of the published intensity range the intensity swing is measured across
elec_kwh_swing_high_kwh_per_kg
15.00kWh per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-66
build cost the base case is priced at
capex_base_eur_m
90.00EUR millionone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08, C-15
cost of capital the base case is priced at
wacc_base
0.080fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08, C-15
availability the base case is priced at
cf_base
0.915fraction of the yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08
gas price of the published optimistic scenario
scenario_optimistic_gas_eur_mwh
25.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-09, C-61
electricity price of the published optimistic scenario
scenario_optimistic_elec_eur_mwh
50.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-09, C-61
first published carbon price on the credit curve
credit_point_1_eur_t
300.0EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-61
second published carbon price on the credit curve
credit_point_2_eur_t
700.0EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08, C-16, C-61
third published carbon price on the credit curve
credit_point_3_eur_t
1,500EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-17, C-61, C-10
cost reduction the published matrix shows at 300 per tonne
credit_at_1_eur_kg
0.900EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-61
cost reduction the published matrix shows at 700 per tonne
credit_at_2_eur_kg
2.80EUR per kg H22.10 to 2.80fixed by the recordC-08, C-16, C-61
cost reduction the published matrix shows at 1500 per tonne
credit_at_3_eur_kg
5.20EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-61, C-17, C-10
low end of the published carbon-price sensitivity range
carbon_swing_low_eur_t
0EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10, C-08
high end of the published carbon-price sensitivity range
carbon_swing_high_eur_t
1,500EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-10, C-17
solid carbon produced per kilogram of hydrogen
carbon_yield_t_per_kg_h2
0.0030tonnes C per kg H20.0030 to 0.0035fixed by the recordC-16, C-01
cost of disposing of solid carbon nobody buys
disposal_cost_eur_t
50.00EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-22
gas bill per kilogram of hydrogen at the base case
gas_cost_base_eur_kg
1.83EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-11
electricity bill per kilogram of hydrogen at the base case
elec_cost_base_eur_kg
0.980EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-11
total operating cost per kilogram before carbon revenue
opex_total_base_eur_kg
4.23EUR per kg H24.14 to 4.23fixed by the recordC-63, C-11, C-15, C-08
annualised build cost per kilogram of hydrogen
capex_annualised_base_eur_kg
1.10EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-15
catalyst replacement cost per kilogram at the design rate
catalyst_cost_base_eur_kg
0.200EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-63
power-price move the corpus uses to compare volatility exposure
electrolysis_swing_eur_mwh
20.00EUR per MWhone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-66
low end of grey hydrogen production cost before any allowance charge
grey_production_low_eur_kg
2.00EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-12
high end of grey hydrogen production cost before any allowance charge
grey_production_high_eur_kg
2.50EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-12, C-13
low end of grey hydrogen carbon intensity
grey_co2_low_kg
9.00kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-06, C-87
high end of grey hydrogen carbon intensity
grey_co2_high_kg
14.00kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-06, C-87
carbon intensity the published grey point comparator implies
grey_co2_point_kg
10.00kg CO2e per kg H29.00 to 14.00fixed by the recordC-12, C-06
grey hydrogen base-case lifecycle emissions, the comparator for every reduction gate
grey_lifecycle_base_kgco2e
11.20kg CO2e per kg H29.00 to 14.00fixed by the recordC-87, C-06
low end of blue hydrogen production cost
blue_production_low_eur_kg
2.80EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-13
high end of blue hydrogen production cost
blue_production_high_eur_kg
4.50EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-13
low end of blue hydrogen carbon intensity
blue_co2_low_kg
1.50kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-87, C-90
high end of blue hydrogen carbon intensity
blue_co2_high_kg
6.00kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-87
low end of green hydrogen carbon intensity on renewable power
green_co2_low_kg
0.300kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-87
high end of green hydrogen carbon intensity on renewable power
green_co2_high_kg
2.50kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-87, C-89
low end of the projected 2030 green production band
green_2030_production_low_eur_kg
2.50EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-13
high end of the projected 2030 green production band
green_2030_production_high_eur_kg
5.00EUR per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-13
low end of turquoise carbon intensity used for the comparator band
turquoise_co2_low_kg
0.450kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-06, C-87
high end of turquoise carbon intensity used for the comparator band
turquoise_co2_high_kg
2.60kg CO2e per kg H2one evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-06, C-87
warming potential of methane over 100 years
gwp100_methane
29.80CO2-equivalent multipleone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-28
warming potential of methane over 20 years
gwp20_methane
82.50CO2-equivalent multipleone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-28
leakage ceiling above which the near-zero claim fails on 100-year accounting
leak_threshold_gwp100
0.0063fraction of throughputone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-29, C-30
leakage ceiling above which the near-zero claim fails on 20-year accounting
leak_threshold_gwp20
0.0022fraction of throughputone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-29
greenhouse-gas reduction the EU low-carbon hydrogen rules demand
low_carbon_da_reduction_threshold
0.700fraction below the fossil comparatorone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-67
greenhouse-gas avoidance the Innovation Fund call demands
if25_avoidance_threshold
0.500fraction below steam reformingone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-34
European addressable market for pyrolysis carbon across six segments
addressable_carbon_kt
5,700kilotonnes per year4,500 to 6,900fixed by the recordC-21
volume above which the tyre-grade segment's price is published as depressing
tyre_crack_threshold_kt
500.0kilotonnes per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-80
share of plant output the published blend places in commodity carbon black
commodity_share_of_output
0.411fraction of output0.365 to 0.457fixed by the recordC-62, C-16
smallest annual volume the corpus models a product mix for
mix_point_1_kt
15.00kilotonnes per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-82
middle annual volume the corpus models a product mix for
mix_point_2_kt
300.0kilotonnes per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-82
largest annual volume the corpus models a product mix for
mix_point_3_kt
3,000kilotonnes per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-82
average realised price the corpus models at the smallest volume
mix_price_1_usd_t
4,000USD per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-82
average realised price the corpus models at the middle volume
mix_price_2_usd_t
2,500USD per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-82
average realised price the corpus models at the largest volume
mix_price_3_usd_t
1,280USD per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-82
dollars per euro implied by the report's own conversion of the Hamburg print
usd_per_eur
1.08USD per EUR1.05 to 1.11fixed by the recordC-18, C-16
carbon credit per kilogram as the published portfolio table books it
credit_booked_published_eur_kg
2.33EUR per kg H22.10 to 2.80fixed by the recordC-16, C-62, C-08
nameplate hydrogen output of the modelled plant
hydrogen_output_t_per_day
25.00tonnes H2 per day20.00 to 50.00fixed by the recordC-08, C-44, C-32
secured carbon offtake price the model makes its investment gate
fid_offtake_threshold_eur_t
500.0EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-69
allowance price the model pairs with the offtake gate for grey parity
fid_ets_threshold_eur_t
80.00EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-69
years from pilot to demonstration on the published scale-up clock
pilot_to_demo_years
2.50years2.00 to 3.00fixed by the recordC-99
years from demonstration to first commercial plant
demo_to_commercial_years
4.00years3.00 to 5.00fixed by the recordC-99
years from first commercial plant to scale
commercial_to_scale_years
6.00years5.00 to 7.00fixed by the recordC-99
year the cost model and the projection are anchored on
base_year
2026calendar yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-08, C-70, C-12
last year anything is computed for
horizon_year
2035calendar yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-64, C-21, C-97, C-58
allowance price the projection is anchored on
ets_anchor_eur_t
81.00EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-12, C-64
published allowance price for 2024, used to test the projection backwards
ets_2024_eur_t
65.00EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-64
published allowance projection for 2027, used to test the projection
ets_2027_eur_t
100.0EUR per tonneone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-64
published allowance consensus for 2030
ets_2030_eur_t
126.0EUR per tonne80.00 to 149.0fixed by the recordC-12, C-64
low end of the allowance driver band
ets_growth_rate_low
-0.0031fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-12, C-64
high end of the allowance driver band
ets_growth_rate_high
0.165fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-12, C-64
active turquoise patent families at the anchor year
patent_families_anchor
250.0patent familiesone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-52
year the patent count is anchored on
patent_anchor_year
2025calendar yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-52
length of the record the patent driver was measured over
patent_observation_years
6.00years5.00 to 6.00fixed by the recordC-52, C-57
hydrogen-production patent filings in 2016 on the narrower published count
filings_2016
62.00filingsone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-57
hydrogen-production patent filings in 2021 on the same count
filings_2021
236.0filingsone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-57
low end of the patent driver band
patent_growth_rate_low
0.189fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-57
high end of the patent driver band
patent_growth_rate_high
0.306fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-57
published projected sector carbon supply for 2027
carbon_supply_2027_kt
40.00kilotonnes per year30.00 to 50.00fixed by the recordC-81
published realistic sector carbon supply for 2030
carbon_supply_2030_kt
150.0kilotonnes per year100.0 to 200.0fixed by the recordC-81
low end of the sector supply driver band
carbon_supply_growth_rate_low
0.494fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-81
high end of the sector supply driver band
carbon_supply_growth_rate_high
1.08fraction per yearone evidenced valuefixed by the recordC-81

Model version 1.1.0, dated 2026-09-02. Every claim id above resolves to a numbered reference in the report, and the report is on the page you came from. Where this page and the shipped package disagree, the package is right: it ships a reference implementation whose 159 equations this page is checked against on every build.

The argument itself is in the report.

The model tells you what the numbers do. Hydrogen’s Dark Horse Is Turquoise tells you what they mean, what the evidence would not settle, and what would change our mind.

Back to the report